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OGAM/IGBO VCV DICTIONARY -ARRANGED BY CONSONANTS ¹

Dr. Catherine Acholonu:

The Catherine Acholonu Research Center, Abuja, Nigeria

&

Dr. Erich Fred Legner

The University of California, Riverside and Berkeley, CA

Summary & Introduction

The Catherine Acholonu Research Center (CARC) is the only organization on the African Continent that is engaged in Research on ancient African stone inscriptions and native Symbols as forms of linguistic expression. At the Rock Arts and Pan African Renaissance Methodologv Workshop held in Kenya (May 23-24) in 2007 under the auspices of the Trust for African Rock Art (TARA) and the Center for Slack and African Arts and African Civilizations (CSAAC), the Catherine Acholonu Research Center made the first ever scientific presentation on African Rock Art as a means of linguistic expression and historical documentation by the ancients, before a gathering of African and non-African stakeholders, archaeologists, historians and anthropologists. The Catherine Acholonu Research Center, through the submission made by its Director, Professor Catherine Acholonu, who is also the Country Ambassador of the UNCCD Forum of Arts and Culture, Nigeria, was able to place the Pre-historic stone inscriptions of Ikom in Cross River State, Nigeria (known as Ikom monoliths) in the 2008 World Monument Fund (WMF) Watch List 0/ 100 Most Endangered Sites. "rhe WMF entry on IKom monoliths emphasized that Ikom monoliths inscriptions represented "a lost form of writing before 2,000 S.c.". By thls the Catherine Acholonu Research Center has succeeded in putting it on global record that ancient Africans had an indigenous form of writing and that they wrote on stone betore 2.000 B.C. This is a great achievement of the Center and its Director, Prof. Catherine Acholonu who personally made the submission from scientific data gathered through her research.

Ogam is one of the forms of linguistic expression invented by Africans in ancient times. We know this because, even though Ogam has not been translated by any of the international scholars who have been researching and transcribing it since the turn of the 20^th Century, we have succeed, where others have failed, to translate Ogam into rneaningful passages, wise sayings, proverbs and philosophical statements (see our numerous articles on the subject -some, posted on our website, some published on the Christine Pellech website and others also published by UNESCO Nigeria). Our 20 years of research on the contributions of ancient Africans to World Civilizations (published in three full length publications totalling (1,600 pages of research findings) have provided conclusive evidence that aPrehistorie African world conqueror and civilizer, known in ancient mythologies of the world by the name of Kush had created aPre-historie civilization in West Africa from where he and his armies, and ministers travelled all around the world, bringing the first knowledge of religion, astronomy, alchemy or magie and writing.

Kush had an empire in the African rain forest known in various mythologies by such names as Tilmun, Punt, Meluhha, Biafra, Western Ethiopia and Old Kingdom Egypt. Its capital city was excavated in the 1950s by British archaeologistThurstan Shaw. But Shaw (for reasons known to him alone) hid the fact that he had discovered a lost city. His dating of 900 A.D. was of course false, since he was operating ab initio from a perspective of withholding vital information. Catherine Acholonu Research Center has done extensive research on this lost civilization of Kush and discovered that the writings they gave to the world included Ogam, and Ogam has been successfully translated into the native language of the people in whose land the lost city is located. That land and its people and language are calied IGBO/IBO -the city itself was known in ancient Egypt as Yebu or Heliopolis. It is located in West Africa, Nigeria to be precise. Its old name was Igbo and lts new name since colonial times is Igbo Ukwu.

THE OGAM/IGBO DICTIONARY OF VCV WORDS

This dictionary will help in simple and short expressions, but for very long and complicated ones, a comprehensive Dictionary of Igbo Language will be needed.

Important Pronouns:

(Sublective)

m -I/me/my/mine; a ...m as in ß. ga m -I will; A na m -I am (present continuous tense)

i -you

o - he/she

a -impersonal pronoun/one (when the consonant is followed by open vowels e.g. a gaa, a lia);

e -impersonal pronoun/one (when the consonant is followed by open vowels e, i, e, o, e.g. e mee, e loo

Examples of open vowels are Igbo /i/ as in English 'meat'; closed vowel as in Igbo /i/ (English 'kit'; Igbo sound /o/ as in English 'mutton' is closed, while /o/ as in English 'mould' is open.

anyi-we

unu -you (pi)

halwa/wo -they

ndi -those who

(Objective)

m/mu -me, to me

gi -you/to you

ya -him/her/to him/her

mmadu -one/someone (impersonal)

anyi-us/to us

unu -you (pl)/to you

ha -them/to them

ndi mmadu -people (impersonal, pl).

A change of tone changes the same sentence into an affirmative statement (I si -You say. You said) a conditional statement (I si -If you say.), or a question (I si? -Did you say?). The word 'na' is very important because it is an all purpose gerund. It stands for 'and' (mu na gi -me and you); 'continuous tense' (I !19.-aga -You are going); 'that' (I si !19. -You say that); 'but' -ma na (e.g. but you are going -ma-na i na-aga); 'with' (He is going with you -Ya na gi na-aga).

IGBO WORDS WHERE THE SECOND LETTER IS A CONSONANT

The following are Igbo words in which the second letter from the left is as shown at the beginning of the list. (e.g., Aba (2nd letter is a "b"). The first and last letter of the word is either spelled as a noun or sounds like one.

CLICK on letter to locate words with specific consonant:

B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, NY, P, KP, Q/KW

R, S, T, V, W, Y, Z

B 1. Aba a -When one enters ... (transitive) 2. Aba -Not to enter into... ; also name of a town in Igbo-Iand 3. A bia -When one comes ...; name of a State in Igbo land (o bia -when he comes) 4. Abu -Song 5. Ebe -Where; Oracle; flying 6. Ebi -Dwelling 7. Ebo -Mound; when one is accused of... 8. Ebu -Hornet; getting fat 9. Iba -Fever; the process of entering 10. lbe -PatrHineage; paternal relatives 11. Ibi -Swelling of the scrotum 12. Ibo -(Another spelling for 'Igbo'), accusing falsely, placing (a load) on ... 13. Ibu -Fat; the process of carrying 14. Oba -Barn 15. Obe -Cross 16. Obi -Heart; main hall of a man's homestead 17. Obo -Scabbard 18. Obu -Ibis bird 19. Uba -Riches 20. Ube -Native pear; cry; lance 21. Ubi -Farm land 22. Ubo -Scabbard 23. Ubu -Scramble C 24. Acha -Name of a grain grown in Northern Nigeria assoeiated with famine 25. A cho (o) -When one finds/looks fo... r; (na-aeho - is looking for) 26. Achi -A seed for soup-making; name of a town 27. Achu -Pursuing 28. Eehe -Trimming a tree by cutting; thinking , meditating 29. Echi -Tomorrow (fchlchi-Initation; fehl echiehi- taking an initiation) 30. Echu -Beeome bad; collecting (water) 31. Icha -Yellowing; passing (some on) by 32. lehe - The Proeess of guarding; thinking (When a verb is preceded by the letter i, it implies a process or the second person pronoun.) 33. lehi -Taking an initiation or eoronation 34. Icho -looking for (a missing item) 35. Ichu -Scaring away (something or someone) 36. Oche -Seat/chair 37. Ochi -Rectum 38. Ocho -He who seeks 39. Ochu -He who seeks 40. Uche -Thought; mind 41. Uchu -Curse; attention D 42. Ada - Daughter, fall, infant vomit 43. Adi - Not being (in astate of... ) 44. Ado - Protecting; (ado o -when one plants) 45. Adu - Seed yam 46. Ede - Cocoyam; writing 47. Edi - Hyana 48. Edo - Yellow; raining 49. Edu - Guiding (o na edu -he is guiding; i na edu - you are guiding) 50. Ida - Falling 51. Ide -Writing 52. Idi - Being in astate of... 53. Ido - Keeping; contesting for 54. Idu - Leading; guiding 55. Oda - He who falls 56. Ode - He who writes 57. Odi - It is (o di mma -It is good) 58. Odo - He who insists on having 59. Odu - Tall; elephant tusk as a symbol of initiation 60. Uda - A kind of spice; loud sound 61. Ude - Loud sound; fame 62. Udi - Name of a place; type 63. Udo - Peace; Robe 64. Udu - Calabash pot; wine pot or jar F 65. Afa - Name; oracle; (afaa - when one squeezes…) 66. Afe - Dress 67. Afi (ko) - When … is crumbled 68. Afo -Belly/ Stomach; year -Orlu dialect 69. A fu -When one sees {transitive} ... 70. Efe -Flying; dress; spare time 71. Efi -Cow (migrant Igbo dialect) 72. Efo -Dawning; Chi elo -The day is dawning. 73. Efu -Baseless; getting lost 74. Ifa -Squeezing 75. lfe -Flying; Worshipping 76. lfi -Maka ifi -Due to; because of 77. Ifo -Folktale; pulling out (by the root) 78. Ifu -Getting lost 79. Ofa -(Ofaa) If he squeezes 80. Ofe -Native soup; across 81. Ofo -If it remains; Piece of wood used to invoke divine power 82. Ofu -One 83. Ufe -Flight; swindle; lies 84. Ufo -Inner room of a titled man 85. Ufu -Fox G 86. Aga -Childless, Will it be ... ? {e.g Aga as; na ...? - Will it be said that...? 87. Ago -Defense 88. Agu -Lion, a powerful person; Aguu/Aguru -hunger 89. Ege -Listening 90. Ego -Money; a girl's common name 91. Egu -A kind of edible caterpillar 92. Iga -Going; snatch (from) 93. Ige -Listening 94. Igo -Buying; offering to ,propitiating (a god) 95. Igu -Counting; palm frond 96. Oga -It will, he will, she will 97. Oge -Time; when 98. Ogo -In-Iaw; kindness; gracious 99. Ogu -Fight; battle; stick; Divine Justice 100. Uga -Name of place; passing of time 101. Uge -Dregs ofthe palm-wine bottle (a nourishing drink) 102. Ugo -Falcon; eagle 103. Ugu -A legume for cooking native soup H 104. Aha -Name (ahaa -to let go of) 105. Ahi -Squeezing 106. Aho -Choosing; year -Orsu dialect; a kind of dish 107. Ahu -Body; one sees; shaking 108. Ehe -Underbelly; (ehee/ehepu -removing excrement) 109. Ehi -Cow in the autochthon dialect 110. Ehuo -Bowing in reverence (Ehuo-ro -bowing in reverence tor) 111. Ehu -bending down 112. Iha/lra -To spare (a culprit, something cut in a net) 113. Ihe Ilfe-A thing; light; to pull in ( the stomach throughbreathing in) 114. Ihi/iti -Cause (maka ihi/ifl-because ot) 115. Iho/ito -Folktale 116. Ihu/iru -Face 117. Oha --People; masses 118. Ohe --Ohere (space) 119. Ohu --Slave; twenty 120. Uha --A legume for cooking native soup J 121. Aja -Sand; offering made to a god 122. Aji --Hair; a kind of Big tree 123. Ajo --Evil (adjective), 124. A ju --When one refuses (transitive) ... 125. Eje--Going 126. Eji Holding on to 127. Eju -Snail 128. Ija -To Hide 129. Ije -To go; walk; gait 130. Iji -To hold; you are holding 131. Ijo --To be ugly 132. Iju --To be plentiful; you are full of 133. Oja -Flute 134. Oje --He who goes ... 135. Oji -Kola-nut; Staff of spiritual authority; black; dark; tree with large trunk 136. Ojoo -Ugly 137. Oju --Broken piece of earthenware pot 138. Uja --Dog's bark; shouting 139. Ujp - Fear 140. Uju - Bounty; plentiful K 141. Aka -Hand; A specie of snakes 142. Aki -Oil palm nut/nut 143. Ako -Wisdom; Prudence (143b) Akpu -Fufu; cassava start meal 144. Aku -Termites; Cocoa nut; Oil paIm nut; (akuo - when one plants...) 145. Eke -python; a name of one of the four Igbo market days; creation 146. Eko -Swelling 147. Eku -Wooden spoon; spooning, shoveling 148. Ika -To be greater than; to speak forth 149. Ike -Strength; to divide; to tie 150. Iko -To tell; cup 151. Iku -To carry (a baby) 152. Oka -Maize; carver 153. Oke -Rat; mouse; share 154. Okiri -Ram Oko 155. Skin scratching 156. Oku -Fire; hot 157. Uka -Word; religion; church 158. Uke -Destiny 159. Uko-Dearth L 160. Ala -Earth; ground 161. Ali -Ground 162. Alo -Placenta; Priest King's sacred Staff 163. Alu -Abomination; Fighting 164. Eie -Deer; God -EI; Consummate Shaman 165. Elo -Counsel; swallowing 166. Elu High; heights 167. lIa -To barb (hair); to go home 168. lIe -To look at, to seil (also ire) 169. lIi/ini -To bury 170. lIo/ino -To swallow 171. lIu -Bitter 172. Ola -Ring 173. Oie -How many 174. Olili -Burying 175. Olu -Neck; voice 176. Ula -Escape, disappearance 177. Ule -Examination 178. Uli -Name of a place; tough rope clinging to a thing M 179. Ama -Compound; Original Divine Mother; open square. 180. Ami -Slippery 181. A muo -When birth is given ... ; When one learns ... 182. Amu -Male genitals; 183. Eme -Happening 184. Emi -Deep (imi emt); omimi -mystery 185. Emu -Gossip 186. Ima -To know (i ma -you know; i ma mma -to be beautiful, good) 187. Ime -To do (N'/me -inside of) 188. Imi -Nose; nasal fluid 189. Imo -Name of the longest river in Igbo land 190. Imu -To give birth to (omumu -many children from a single woman) 191. Oma -Mother Goddess of the Igbo 192. Ome -Tender shoot 193. Omi -Weil; cistern 194. Omu -Tender shoot of a palm tree 195. Omu-mu -Genealogy 196. Ume -A caste; breath (iku ume - 197. Umu -Children of

N 198. Ana -Earth; ground 199. Ani -earth; ground 200. Ano -Four 201. Anu -Meat; that cannot be heard 202. Ene -Looking at 203. Eni -Burying 204. Eno -Swallowing 205. Enu -High; heights (migrant Igbo dialect) 206. Ina -To ask for; to tale from (ila/lna -to go home) 207. Ine/ile -To look at 208. Ini-To bury 209. Ino -The stay; to return 210. Inu -To hear; to marry (ilu); bitter 211. Ona A kind of native potato!yam 212. One -How many 213. Onini -Burying 214. Ono-na -He who is in ... 215. Onu -Mouth 216. Una -Going home 217. Uno-House 218. Unu -You {plural} NY 219. Anya -Eye 220. Anyi -We; heavy 221. Anyu -Melon pod 222. Enyi -Friend 223. Enye -When one is given 224. Enyo -Peeping 225. Inya -To drive 226. I nye • If you give 227. Inyo -To peep 228. Inyu -To excrete 229. Onya -One who drives 230. Onye-One/a person who ... 231. Onyu -One who excretes 232. Unyi-Dirt P 233. Apa -Being lifted 234. Api -Being sharpened 235. Apu -Silk cotton Tree (Igbo Ukwu dialect); beingdragged along 236. Epu -Germinating 237. Ipa/ibu -To carry 238. Ipe -To break (firewood) 239. Ipi -To sharpen (a knife); to squeeze out; 240. Ipu -To germinate; to leave/step out (a room, a place) 241. Opa -Round; moon-shaped 242. Opi-Flute KP 243. Akpa -bag; 244. Akpi -Bed Bug 245. Akpo -Calling 246. Akpu -Fufu; cassava starch meal 247. Ekpe A secret cult (iri ekpe -to inherit a dead person's property) 248. Ekpu -Wearing (a hat) 249. Ikpa -Waste land; to keep (domestic animals) 250. Ikpe -Case (in court) 251. Ikpo -To call; to call; to dry up 252. Ikpu -Vagina 253. Okpi -Heavy stick 254. Okpo --cat fish 255. Okpu --Hat; cap; eternal 256. Ukpa --Longish basket; a native nut, highly priced 257. Ukpo -A native spiee for sou p-ma king, highly price Q/KW 258. Akwa -Cloth; Wrapper; egg; sewing 259. Akwo --Crushing, with stone or with blender 260. Akwu --Silk Cotton Tree (Orlu dialect) 261. Ekwe --Drum (ekwe ekwe --Stubborn) 262. Ekwo --Being noisy 263. Ekwu -Talking 264. Ikwa --To sew; to push; to give burial rites (to) 265. Ikwe --To agree; to sing a song --ikwe ukwe; mortar for pounding 266. Ikwo --To crush in a mortar/grind on stone 267. Ikwu --To say (ikwu udo/ima udo --to hang oneself on a rope/commit suicide) 268. Okwa -Bush fowl; wooden saucer 269. Okwe --Table games that use seeds or nuts; rubber tree/seeds 270. Okwo --He/she who carries on his back ... 271. Okwu --Word; talk; speech 272. Ukwa --A native bean, delicacy, highly priced 273. Llkwe -Song 274. Ukwo --Popularity, farne, widespread noise 275. Ukwu - Leg; waist, bundle R 276. Ara -Madness; 277. Ari -Climbing (arir; -Suffering) 278. Aro -Year (Anambra dialect) 279. Aru -Abomination; body -Anambra dialect 280. Ere -Selling; rotting 281. Eri -God-man (thought to be the Egyptian god of letters Thoth) 282. Eroo -Mushroom; if ... pu lied out 283. Eru -Gathering (of a storm) 284. Ira -To liek; to have sexual intercourse with a woman 285. Ire -Tongue; to seil; to rot; to pronounce as from a god 286. Ire -To choose (iho); to pull by the roots (ifo) 287. Iru -Face; gathering of a storm 288. Ora -Folk; people; a legume 289. Ore -A place name 290. Ori -He/she who eats; eczema 291. Oro -He/she who plots 292. Oru -Work; slave; across the river inhabitants 293. Ura -Sieep; overnight food 294. Ure -Rot; making faces 295. Uri -Body painting/ tattoo; the paint 296. Uro-Clay S 297. Asa -Eel; very beautiful woman 298. Asi -Lies; asi na ... -had it been that. .. 299. Aso -Holy 300. Asu -Shrivelling; pounding 301. Uru -Gain, cheat 302. Ese -Quarrelling 303. Esi -Smelling 304. Eso -Following 305. Esu -Millipede 306. Isa -To wash; to pass by 307. Ise -Five; to quarrel; to pull 308. Isi -Head; leader (isii -six); isisi (topmost head) 309. Iso -To follow (i so -you follow) 310. Isu -A clan name of the autochthons 311. Osa -Squirrei; Light colour 312. Ose -Pepper 313. Oso -Running 314. Osu -Belonging to the Osu caste 315. to the Osu caste Usa -Gluttony 316. Uso -Sweetness (Nso -Holy, set apart, divine) 317. Usu -Bat T 318. Ata -Chewing; drying up ( as in 'water is drying' -miri na-ata) 319. Ato -Three; (ato uto -sweet) 320. Atu -Divine Word; Sore, bad wound (atumatu"": idea) 321. Ete -Palm tree climbing rope 322. Eti -Crushing (palm nut with stone) 323. Eto -Growing (0 na eto -He is growing; i na eto - you are growing) 324. Etu -How to; method 325. lta -To chew; to blame 326. Ite -Pot; pottery; earthenware; to rub 327. Iti -To beat; a fool 328. Ito -To be older than; to praise 329. Itu -To point (itu aka -to point the hand) 330. Ota -He/she who eats 331. Ote -He who paints/rubs, etc) 332. Oto -A native dish 333. Otu -Vagina 334. Uta -Bow; blame 335. Ute-Mat 336. Uto -Sweetness 337. Utu -Penis V 338. Ava/Afa -Name; eracle (ava - the name of goddess) 339. Avu -Song 340. Evu -Carrying (I ga evu -You will carry; will you carry?) 341. Ivu/lbu -Fat 342. Ovu -He carries W 343. Awa a -When one cuts ... 344. Awo-Frog 345. A wii -When one pours ... 346. Awu -One is ... 347. Ewe-Taking 348. Ewi -Rabbit 349. Ewu -Goat} reigning} in vogue 350. Iwa -To cut (iwa ji -to cut the vam; Iwa Ji -New Yam Festival) 351. Iwe -Anger; to take 352. Iwi -To fall (hair fall) 353. Iwu-law 354. Owa -Twinkling light; dawning 355. Owu -Mermaid; water goddess 356. Uwa-World 357. Uwe-Dress Y 358. Ayi -Befriending 359. Eyi Wearing (a dress); notto resemble 360. lyi -To resemble 361. Oyi -Friend; sickness 362. Oyo Musical Instrument Z 363. Aza -One answers (to a call) 364. Azo -Struggling for 365. Azu -Fish, buying 366. Eze King, tooth, teeth 367. Ezi -Outside; good 368. Ezu -Stealing; being complete 369. Iza -To sweep; to sieve 370. Ize -To avoid; to crash down (as in land slide) 371. Izi -To show 372. Izo -To save, to contest 373. Izu -Week, to be complete 374. Oze -That crashes 375. Ozo -Cult of leaders and Princes; Initiate of the cult; again; gorilla 376. Ozu -Dead body 377. Uzi A tree with large trunk 378. Uzo Way, road, door 379. Uzu -Noise (380. Placed correctly in "K" group)

Footnote:

Presentation rearranged by:

Dr. Erich Fred Legner

University of California